从经方的配伍应用探讨细辛宣营之功

[目的]阐发细辛宣营功效在经方配伍中的体现。[方法]追思传承,运用文献分析的方法,搜集整理《神农本草经》和《名医别录》等中医药经典对细辛的阐述,通过分析张仲景在《伤寒论》及《金匮要略》中运用细辛的情况,选用以当归四逆汤为代表的经典方剂,从经方的配伍应用中探讨细辛宣营的特点。[结果]在以历代医家对细辛的认知基础上,仲景在经方的配伍应用中对细辛宣营之功的运用分为四方面:第一,细辛可宣营而散寒解表,如当归四逆汤;第二,细辛可宣营而温化水饮,如苓甘五味姜辛汤;第三,细辛可宣营而通阳行痹,如三黄汤;第四,细辛可宣营而和血安胎,如白术散。[结论]细辛在经方的配伍应用中宣营之功体现为四方面,即散寒解表、温化水饮、通阳行痹、和血安胎,虽为辛热之品,只要合理搭配,即可宣营且不伤阴。     

现场生物物证描述的研究

本文通过实际案例的解析,从中分析得出在实际检案中对物证检材的合理规范准确描述应注意的问题,为案件的侦破提供重要线索、为审判提供依据,对提高办案质量有着重要意义。     

A fully digital approach to fabricating a CAD-CAM ceramic crown to fit an existing removable partial denture

The use of a fully digital approach to fabricate an anatomic contour crown to fit an existing removable prosthesis allows the dentist and the dental laboratory technician to work efficiently in a digital environment. This report presents a series of patient treatments involving the fabrication of an anatomic contour monolithic zirconia crown to retrofit an existing removable partial denture. A complete digital workflow comprises an intraoral digital scan and computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) technology.     

Adhesion to high-performance polymers applied in dentistry: A systematic review

ObjectiveThe aim of this systemic review, conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement, was to investigate the impact of surface pretreatments on the bonding strength of high performance polymers (HPPs).MethodsEight databases were searched through March 2019. Risk of bias was assessed and random effects meta-analyses were applied to analyze mean differences in shear bond strength (SBS) and tensile bond strength (TBS), considering surface pretreatments and bonding agents after 24h and thermocycling.ResultsA total of 235 relevant titles and abstracts were found, yielding 11 final selections. Low risk of bias was observed in most studies. For polyetheretherketone (PEEK) specimens, random-effect models showed that, compared to non-treated controls, pretreatments associated with Visio.link® (Bredent, Senden, GE) increased TBS by 26.72 MPa (95% confidence interval (CI), 19.69–33.76; p < 0.00001) and increased SBS by 4.86 MPa (95% CI, 2.61–7.10; p < 0.00001). Air abrasion improved SBS by 4.90 MPa (95% CI, 3.90–5.90; p < 0.00001) (50 μm alumina) and 4.51 MPa (95% CI, 1.85–7.18; p = 0.0009) (silica-coated CoJet). In comparison to non-treated controls, Visio.link® and Signum PEEK Bond® (Heraeus Kulzer, Hanau, GE) increased SBS by 33.76 MPa (95% CI, 18.72–48.81; p < 0.00001) and 33.28 MPa (95% CI, 17.48–49.07; p < 0.00001), respectively. No differences were found between Visio.link® and Signum PEEK Bond® or Monobond Plus/Heliobond® (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, LH) (p > 0.05). Similar results were observed for polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) specimens.SignificanceThis review shows improved HPP bonding following the application of various surface pretreatments, including air abrasion and bonding agents.     

In vitro characterisation of arterial stiffening: From the macro- to the nano-scale

Accurate measurement of the material properties of arterial tissue is important for better characterisation of diseases and the development of reliable computational models. There are a number of in vitro techniques that are applied to study the biomechanical properties of arterial tissue. This review article presents data obtained using tensile testing, nanoindentation, scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Each of these techniques provides material property information at a different spatial resolution and in many ways are complementary techniques. The lack of consensus in the literature with regard to the appropriate stress and strain definitions that should be used when reporting tensile testing data is also highlighted. The potential of higher spatial resolution techniques, which provide data at micro-scale (nanoindentation and SAM) and nano-scale (AFM) for application to the characterisation of human aortic tissue are discussed. Finally, studies, which have examined age-related changed in the aorta at these different length scales, are highlighted.     

The localisation of inflammatory cells and expression of associated proteoglycans in response to implanted chitosan

Implantation of a foreign material almost certainly results in the formation of a fibrous capsule around the implant however, mechanistic events leading to its formation are largely unexplored. Mast cells are an inflammatory cell type known to play a role in the response to material implants, through the release of pro-inflammatory proteases and cytokines from their α-granules following activation. This study examined the in vivo and in vitro response of mast cells to chitosan, through detection of markers known to be produced by mast cells or involved with the inflammatory response. Mast cells, identified as Leder stained positive cells, were shown to be present in response to material implants. Additionally, the mast cell receptor, c-kit, along with collagen, serglycin, perlecan and chondroitin sulphate were detected within the fibrous capsules, where distribution varied between material implants. In conjunction, rat mast cells (RBL-2H3) were shown to be activated following exposure to chitosan as indicated by the release of β-hexosaminidase. Proteoglycan and glycosaminoglycans produced by the cells showed similar expression and localisation when in contact with chitosan to when chemically activated. These data support the role that mast cells play in the inflammatory host response to chitosan implants, where mediators released from their α-granules impact on the formation of a fibrous capsule by supporting the production and organisation of collagen fibres.     

股骨有限元分析赋材料属性的方法

将12侧股骨上段标本进行高速CT薄层扫描,在Mimics 10.0中进行三维重建,在Ansys中进行体网格划分。对照组在Mimics10.0中根据灰度值将三维模型材料属性分为2种(密质骨及松质骨);试验组材料属性等分为10,20,50,100,200,400种后赋予材料属性,在Ansys中进行力学分析并采集三维模型全部单元力学测量数值;对分析数据进行统计学处理。结果显示,12侧股骨上段标本均成功进行有限元分析。标本1,5,6,7,9,10的对照组与各试验组差异均有显著性意义(P < 0.05),标本2,3,4,8,11,12的对照组与试验组差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。各试验组之间差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.89)。结果提示,传统方法将骨骼分成密质骨及松质骨2种材料属性,不能满足个性化骨骼有限元分析的要求,将骨骼赋予10种材料属性即可达到有限元分析的要求。     

放射性核素示踪技术在化学创新药人体物质平衡中的应用

在化学创新药的研发过程中,低能量放射性核素（主要为14C）示踪技术可用于开展人体物质平衡研究,以明确用药后一定时间内药物及其代谢物的主要排泄途径（尿液还是粪便）及排泄回收率（需>90%）。该技术在创新药人体吸收、代谢及排泄研究中仍具有其他技术无法比拟的优势,在日本及欧美制药工业界已被广泛应用多年。本文简述放射性核素示踪的基本原理,回顾2018年以来在美国批准的新分子实体新药中应用该技术的情况,阐述放射性核素示踪技术在人体物质平衡研究中的应用及其在我国创新药研发中的前景。     

一种化妆品原料安全性测试

目的:对一种拟用作化妆品的原料化学品进行毒理学安全性评价。方法:通过小鼠急性经口毒性试验测定该原料的LD50;采用家兔眼刺激试验评价其是否具有急性眼刺激性损伤效应;家兔14 d皮肤连续涂抹试验观察该原料物的多次皮肤刺激状况;采用豚鼠试验观察该原料的皮肤光毒性作用和引发皮肤发生过敏反应的能力;体外哺乳动物染色体畸变试验评价该原料的致突变性。结果:小鼠急性经口毒性试验测定显示该原料经口LD50大于5000 mg/kg;家兔眼刺激试验显示其为可逆性刺激性;多次皮肤刺激试验显示为轻刺激性;豚鼠皮肤光毒试验、皮肤变态试验,以及体外哺乳动物染色体畸变试验结果均为阴性。结论:上述短期试验测试表明该原料具有一定的使用安全性。     

1H NMR based serum metabolic profiling reveals differentiating biomarkers in patients with diabetes and diabetes-related complication

BackgroundDiabetes is among the most prevalent diseases worldwide, of all the affected individuals a significant proportion of the population remains undiagnosed due to lack of specific symptoms early in this disorder and inadequate diagnostics. Diabetes and its associated sequela, i.e., comorbidity are associated with microvascular and macrovascular complications. As diabetes is characterized by an altered metabolism of key metabolites and regulatory pathways. Metabolic phenotyping can provide us with a better understanding of the unique set of regulatory perturbations that predispose to diabetes and its associated complication/comorbidities.MethodologyThe present study utilizes the analytical platform NMR spectroscopy coupled with Random Forest statistical analysis to identify the discriminatory metabolites in diabetes (DB = 38) vs. diabetes-related complication (DC = 35) along with the healthy control (HC = 50) subjects. A combined and pairwise analysis was performed to identify the discriminatory metabolites responsible for class separation. The perturbed metabolites were further rigorously validated using t-test, AUROC analysis to examine the statistical significance of the identified metabolites.ResultsThe DB and DC patients were well discriminated from HC. However, 15 metabolites were found to be significantly perturbed in DC patients compared to DB, the identified panel of metabolites are TCA cycle (succinate, citrate), methylamine metabolism (trimethylamine, methylamine, betaine), -intermediates; energy metabolites (glucose, lactate, pyruvate); and amino acids (valine, arginine, glutamate, methionine, proline, and threonine).ConclusionThe ¹H NMR metabolomics may prove a promising technique to differentiate and predict diabetes and its complication on their onset or progression by determining the altered levels of the metabolites in serum.